MODULATORY SECTION: Bars 8-9: Episode I, modulating from A minor to C major. As Stinson concludes, "over thirty years later Liszt commented to his piano class that it would have been sinful of him to add dynamic markings to the score of the A-minor fugue, since the great Bach had written none himself." The fugue theme, like that of the prelude, is composed of arpeggiated chords and downward sequences, especially in its later half. The fifth, sixth and seventh fugues, all featuring prominent dotted rhythms, can be felt as, by turns, skittish, pompous and melancholy, while the 12th fugue borders on the tragic. "[12], In 1847, exhausted by his years on the concert circuit, Liszt retired to the Weimar, where in 1848 he was appointed to be Kapellmeister at the Grand Duchy, the same role once filled by Bach. Stinson (2006) points out that this kind of gimmickry was not uncommon at that time: "Indeed, [Liszt] is reported to have accompanied Joachim in the last movement of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto with a lighted cigar in his right hand the entire time! The trick is finding a way to entwine the melodies in a pleasing harmonic arrangement. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Position and Function of Even in the longest Fugue, No. In all, the interweaving melodies of the fugue make it a complex and challenging style to compose. For the few fortunate purchasers of the original print, it would have been played on whatever instruments they could play and had available at home. This writer, however, prefers to play one of the many attempted completions, in this case that by the renowned British harpsichordist Davitt Moroney. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Bars 5-6: Codetta, modulating from A minor to C major. [12], During that period, as a travelling musician, Liszt's pianistic pyrotechnics proved a huge attraction for concert-goers. As an organist and church choirmaster, it's no surprise that most of his fugues were written for organ, harpsichord, or chorus. The versions of the fugue are identical, whereas the two versions of the prelude are distinct, the first version BWV 543/1a is shorter and presumed to be the earlier. Liszt first gave a straight rendition, which was a perfect classical way of playing; then he gave a second more colourful but still nuanced rendition, which was equally appreciated; finally he provided a third rendition, "as I would play it for the public to astonish, as a charlatan!" Laurens then writes that, "lighting a cigar that passed at moments from between his lips to his fingers, executing with his ten fingers the part written for the pedals, and indulging in other tours de force and prestidigitation, he was prodigious, incredible, fabulous, and received gratefully with enthusiasm." We can be reached by telephone on working days from 09:30 am to 12:30 pm. 1, of 1709, and in a Fugue in E minor by Pachelbel." [17] According to Anderson (2006a), in 1905, Reger was one of several German musicians, artists and critics surveyed by Die Musik on J.S. - Books & History, Counter Catholic Reformation: Definition, Music & Timeline, Hagia Sophia: Definition, History & Architecture, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Describe the importance of the subject and answer to the composition of the fugue, Explain how Baroque composers added contrast to the subjects and applied manipulation to the fugue, Identify Johann Sebastian Bach's influence on this style of music. In addition the triplet semiquavers in the later prelude are notated as demisemiquavers. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, and 14 in the first part, and 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, and 29 in the second part. They were the second volume of The Well-Tempered Clavier, the Goldberg Variations, the Canonic Variations on Vom Himmel Hoch, The Musical Offering, the B Minor Mass and finally, The Art of Fugue. (Theimmediateworking of the Themes in Double Counterpoint takes up two brs i.e.,one bar for the statements, and another to show them placed above or below each other.) bearb. Counterpoint, or contrapuntal composing, is key to a fugue. "[12], In 18951896, Max Reger made a number of arrangements of Bach's organ works, both for piano duet and for piano solo. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. From here it works its way back to the original key to endwith a Perfect Cadence on the Tonic Minor, A. Bach - BWV 559 Prelude and fugue in A minor - YouTube In this video you can hear the Prelude and Fugue in A minor (BWV 559), one of the eight little preludes and fugues attributed to. Prelude in Music | What is a Prelude in a Song? It's the interweaving melodies that make the fugue complex and interesting. To start the fugue, the subject is played by one of the voices. ucla environmental science graduate program; four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct; woburn police scanner live. As a Bachian, organist and composer, Reger's views on Bach reception, in particular his public writings, are well recorded in the literature. Nothing could be simpler, and it strains credulity that Bach could erect such a monumental edifice with seemingly unpromising material. I've been working on Bach's Sonata #1 for Solo Violin (BWV 1001) and I have concluded that I would benefit from some sort of analysis of the Fugue. Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? 1. The traditional aspects are the semiquaver arpeggiated passage work with its "latent counterpoint" which incorporates a descending chromatic bass line. This frequently occurs after this point. The theme can be traced back to Bach's organ concerto in A minor BWV 593, transcribed for organ from Antonio Vivaldi's concerto for two violins, Op.3, No.8, RV 522, part of his collection L'estro armonico. [9], Because of the piece's overall rhapsodic nature, many organists play this piece freely, and in a variety of tempi; it can be easily transcribed to a different instrument. The final fugue was the last he was ever to write, and also his longest. First, the subject was presented in a high-pitched range, then in a medium-pitched range, then in a low-pitched range. Study the definition of the fugue, the parts of a fugue, how Johann Sebastian Bach became known for his fugues and examples of this musical composition. 1Eun-ho Kim, Form and Function in the Slow Movements of J. S. Bach's Three Sonatas for Solo Violin, BVW 1001, 1003, and 1005 (D.M.A. Their collaboration not only involved concert tours, but a special "BachRegerMusikfest" in June 1913, organized as the fifth Heidelberg Music Festival. The versions of the 4-part fugue for BWV 543a and BWV 543 are identical; it lasts 151 bars. So instead of text, they sometimes used a small musical idea called a subject to rev their musical engines. Analysis of Bach's fugue BWV 851 in D Minor (WTC I) Jos Rodrguez Alvira The BWV 851 fugue in D minor is an excellent example of effective use of contrapuntal techniques like transformation by inversion or contrary motion, invertible counterpoint and stretti. [20] In 1913 a new edition of Bach's complete organ works was published by C. F. Peters, edited by Straube, with detailed instructions on organ technique, following his methods. The semiquaver figures begin as a solo in the manual:[1][2], and then, after a lengthy demisemiquaver embellishment over a tonic pedal point, are heard again in the pedal. The manuscript was started on 3 April 1709 by Johann Christoph Bach (1673-1727), a distant relative (so not Johann Sebastians uncle or brother of the same name), who was cantor and organist in the little town of Gehren in the Thuringian forest. Composed somewhere between 1703-7, the over 300-year-old work rose to popularity in the 20th century, after it cemented its place in popular media. Musical Characteristics of the Set of Three Sonatas as a Whole, and V. Summary and Conclusion. The Toccata-like Prelude in A minorin the stylus phantasticusbears the hallmarks of Bach's early, north German-influenced style, while the fugue could be considered a later product of Bach's maturity.[1][2]. The Oxford Dictionarys definition of a fugue is: a polyphonic composition in which a short melodic theme, the subject, is introduced by one part or voice, and successively taken up by the others and developed by their interweaving. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. For both of these chorale preludes from the Orgelbchlein, however, it is the systematic use of motifs that establish a particular musical mood. In the published version of Peters, Liszt chose to place the B minor prelude and fugue, BWV 544 last, altering the standard order in most of the editions for organ. Publication date [pref. His 'Little' Fugue in G minor is a popular example. Write an article and join a growing community of more than 160,500 academics and researchers from 4,573 institutions. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. His subjects and countersubjects combine in ways not seen before the 17th century. Jos Rodrguez Alvira and Jos D. Sandn. Upon this Bass a new theme is proposed by the Treble (Bar 19) which is imitated by the Alto in the fifth below. This website helped me pass! Hs. Songs of the Renaissance: Madrigals and Vocal Parts. Even in his later years, Liszt's A minor fugue remained one of his favourites: when he was invited to play at a private evening concert, with guests of honour Prince Albert of Prussia and his wife Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Liszt's first choice was the fugue and in his letter of thanks disclosed that Clara Schumann now as matter of course played his transcription rather than her own. They immediately shared an affinity for Bach's works and, in turn, Straube became Reger's most important promoter. After watching this video lesson, you'll be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for musicians, students, and enthusiasts. And Berio's arrangement of Bach's Contrapunctus XIX, the final, incomplete movement of The Art of Fugue, made a sombre prelude to the entire evening, its dignity undermined by an unnerving . Classical Concerto Music & Form | What is a Concerto? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Prelude and Fugue No.16 in G minor, BWV 861 Analysis Tonic Chord, and Beethovens Third Piano Concert. His new mistress was Princess Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein, who lived in a country estate at Woronice in Ukraine; their companionship continued until Liszt's death. The Baroque period was more about expressive music, though, and composers wanted to write music without being tied to text. Although originally from a village in Lower Bavaria, in 1907 Reger also succeeded in securing a teaching position at the Leipzig conservatory. This Johann Christoph probably used the piece in his own lessons. Fugue in G minor BWV 578 has been added to your Cart . The main subject starts with a head-motif which is curtailed by descending sequential arpeggiated figures. It was basically the same sequence of notes each time, but in a different range. Renaissance Polyphony: Musicians & Instruments | What was Renaissance Polyphony? Imagine you and a few friends are in a car race. 40 years later, Laurens' brother recalls their lunchtime conversation. But in keeping with the late works of artists such as Shakespeare, Beethoven and Goya, it contains elements of pathos, humour . After bars 36, there are semiquaver motifs in the manuals answered by similar motifs in the pedals: there are bris effects similar to those found in chorale prelude BWV 599 or the Passacaglia, BWV 582/1; and pedal motifs similar to those found in the chorale prelude BWV 643. In the fifth fugue, we hear it with some intervals filled in with rather jazzy, dotted rhythms. Bach arranged this Vivaldi concerto as his solo organ "concerto" BWV 593, probably in 171416. His 'Little' Fugue in G minor is a popular example. The other movements surround the Fuga functionally: the first movement as a prelude, the third as a tension-reliever, and the fourth as a brilliant finale. This is similar to a round, like 'Row, Row, Row Your Boat' or 'Frre Jacques.' Bach: Fugue in G Minor, BWV 578 (Digitally Remastered) "Please retry" Amazon Music Unlimited: Price . She holds a master's degree in Education Media and Design Technology. Home | Terms and Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy. In the Royal Conservatory study of Theory - Level 9 and 10 Harmony and the ARCT level of Harmony in their textbooks they go into the Analysis of many of Bach's Fugues. [26], The Oscar-winning Italian composer Ennio Morricone has described the relation between BWV 543 and the main themes of certain films he scored. Peters. "a fugue in 4 parts", "a fugue in 3 voices". Then, the magic starts to happen, and we kick it up into second gear. Bach). It is just that bit more adventurous, imaginative and tasteful than the rest. Its chapter arrangements are: I. How many pupils must have said to Johann Christoph Bach Id like more pieces by the composer of that fugue? As justification Williams describes the form of the preludes and fugues: Such modest and single-minded preludes, modest fugues with exposition, episode and final entries, a charming and coherent handling of the keys and cadences: these are closer to Fischer's idiom than to any northern repertories, and could reflect his wide and lasting influence on organists of the time. This sort of fast tune ending suddenly on an unexpected note is a typically whimsical musical gesture that we see in Bachs other early works. Associate Professor in Piano, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Are there canonical sources for it? BWV 538 Toccata and Fugue in D minor ("Dorian") BWV 539 Prelude and Fugue in D minor; BWV 540 Toccata and Fugue in F major; BWV 541 Prelude and Fugue in G major; BWV 542 Fantasia and Fugue in G minor ("Great") "6 Great Preludes and Fugues" BWV 543 Prelude and Fugue in A minor; BWV 544 Prelude and Fugue in B minor One of J.S. Due to the sequential nature of the subject, the majority of the fugue is composed of sequences or cadences. Counter-exposition: None. 2003 Jos Rodrguez Alvira and Jos D. Sandn. BWV 538 Toccata and Fugue in D minor ("Dorian") BWV 539 Prelude and Fugue in D minor; BWV 540 Toccata and Fugue in F major; BWV 541 Prelude and Fugue in G major; BWV 542 Fantasia and Fugue in G minor ("Great") "6 Great Preludes and Fugues" BWV 543 Prelude and Fugue in A minor; BWV 544 Prelude and Fugue in B minor Bach's forty-eight fugues (Das wohltemperirte clavier) by Prout, Ebenezer, 1835-1909; Prout, Louis Beethoven. 98 FREE Shipping on orders over $25.00 shipped by Amazon. why was waylon jennings buried in mesa az; chop pediatric residency As further evidence of the reputation of the fugue, Stinson observes that, "Schumann attended and reviewed Mendelssohn's only public performance of the movement, Liszt heard Clara play her piano transcription of it, and Clara eventually played Liszt's transcription. An example would be Bach's cantata Wachet auf. Most allow the work to trail off at the point where Bachs manuscript ceases Others conclude with the chorale prelude mentioned above (a chorale prelude being a short contrapuntal elaboration of a traditional hymn tune). However, to assert that it is playable on the harpsichord is very different from saying that it was conceived for that instrument. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, "The Bach Circle, Vol 1, Pedal Clavichord", "Welche unter J.S. Bachs Namen gefhrten Orgelwerke sind Johann Tobias bzw. But, there's a catch: because the subject and the countersubject are being played at the same time, they have to be written in a way that they will go together without creating musical havoc. [1], Although Philipp Spitta has seen elements of northern traditions of the early Prelude BWV 543a/1 typical of the school of Buxtehude, Williams (2003) has pointed out that the same features are also present in the later version BWV 543/1. Its second bar employs reminiscences of the early part of the Counter-subject. A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice (or instrumental line) and then in another. [7] (A similarity had been mentioned by Wolfgang Schmieder, editor of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis.) What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? f. Klav. In 1857, having attended a Bach organ recital at the Frauenkirche, Dresden, which captivated both Clara Schumann and Joseph Joachim, Liszt's reaction had been, "Hm, dry as bones." A limit involving the quotient of two sums, Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Maybe during a jaunt in your race, you modified your car with a new turbo boosting engine, added a back-up camera, put on bigger tires, or even installed a new pine-scented car freshener. Already in 1751 it was advertised as being arranged in such a way as to be playable by two hands on a keyboard instrument, and this has led nearly all scholars to conclude it was conceived for the harpsichord. 1600-1750. Modulations from D minor to G minor should not be a big issue, since these keys share many common chords. As Stinson points out, "Liszt's lifelong advocacy of this movementas a performer, transcriber, and teacheris surely one reason for its enduring popularity. Fugue Definition. The Coda is built upon suggestions of the latter part of the Subject and Counter-subject. After three months in Woronice, Liszt set to work on preparing the transcriptions of BWV 543548. So clearly Bach was driven by fierce personal inner necessity to compose these late works. What are some good classical pieces to start learning analysis for the beginner? Gerhard Weinberger, Carl Christian Hoffmann Organ, St. Marien, This page was last edited on 26 March 2022, at 17:52. The subject is usually used throughout the fugue, played consecutively in three or four different voices. The same applies for the corresponding passages for bars 1718 in BWV 543a/1 and bars 2628 in BWV 543/1. The fugue in d minor was one of the earlier fugues written by Bach during his time at Cothen. I feel like its a lifeline. Episode II (Bar 11) is built upon the last notes of the Subject, the last notes also of the Counter-subject being added to it. We could say this is when you've reached your first checkpoint and your friend who is driving the smaller car takes off from the start line. Counter-subject absent [A minor].Bars 27-28: Coda [A minor]. The manuscript became part of the Amalienbibliothek, the music library of Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia; it is now in the Berlin State Library. The Australian composer Felix Werder once drily remarked that we cannot fully understand a work of art unless we know who paid for it. "[15][16] In 1905 Reger became the regular piano partner of Philipp Wolfrum, director of music at Heidelberg University and author of a two-volume monograph on Bach. Does anyone have any sources I could use to talk about who influenced Bach? Unlike most of Bach's minor-key keyboard works, it ends on a minor chord rather than a picardy third. A further contentious issue is for what instruments Bach composed this work. Fugues were written either as an independent piece or as part of a larger work. Eventually, the subject does return and the music continues on, presenting subjects and countersubjects until the composer adds another episode or ends the piece. What doespardon, what shouldSebastian Bach mean for our time? We can now be certain that it was not due to Bachs final illness, which was probably late stage diabetes, although we cannot be certain. Most of the entries in the NAME column of the output from lsof +D /tmp do not begin with /tmp. The fact that the first complete performance of this work did not occur until 1922 has often been the subject of scandalised comment. J.S. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 . [10][11][12], As a child, Liszt had been instructed by his father to master the keyboard works of Bach, with daily exercises on fugues from the Well-Tempered Clavier (WTC). The Eight Short Preludes and Fugues (also Eight Little Preludes and Fugues), BWV 553560, are a collection of works for keyboard and pedal formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. As usual Bach gives us almost no performance indications whatsoever, so it is each performers obligation to impart to each component of this work its own distinct character. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner, Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. Not only do the general figures on the surface support the function, the formal activities in each movement do as well. One of the more striking examples occurs near the end where a variation of the theme enters strongly in the bass voice: If one plays the chords from low-to-high, as is traditional and appropriate through most of the piece, then that voice is lost in contrast to playing the chords from high-to-low in this one section. In a fugue, the subject is stated by one voice and is continually introduced voice by voice, kind of like what can be heard at the beginning of this lesson. Sonate pour violon n 2 en la mineur; Sonata No. Notes on Fugue for Beginners - E. J. Dent 2014-03-06 Originally published in 1958, this book presents a concise guide to the structural elements of the fugue aimed at the beginner. Episode V (Bar 23) is mainly built upon the last four notes of the Subject, and the detached figure of the Counter-subject. Remarkably, however, Bach was not paid for any of the above works, and indeed barely made any profit by personally financing the publication of four of them. A secondary source is from the copyist Johann Peter Kellner, written around 1725 and also now in the Berlin State Library. Bach Fugue 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 Analysis Johann Sebastian Bach's Fugue 16 in G Minor is an example of a conventional fugue. [1], This 4-voice fugue BWV 543 has been compared to Bach's harpsichord Fugue in A minor, BWV 944, a 3-voice fugue that was probably written in 1708, and this organ fugue has even been called "the final incarnation" of BWV 944. Fugue in C minor of the Well-Tempered Clavier Book I in Bach's handwriting. Exposition: Bars 1-8. Create your account, 11 chapters | If Toccata in D minor, BWV 913, is still fresh in your ears, for example, then you immediately hear all sorts of similarities. The other secondary source for BWV 543 came through the copyist Johann Gottfried Siebe and Kirnberger. So the question remains open whether after his death, a final page went missing, or whether he had indeed composed it but not yet written it down, or even deliberately left it incomplete. All Rights Reserved. Bars 1-3: Subject in Bass [A minor].Bars 3-5: Tonal Answer in Alto, with Counter-subject in Bass [E minor].Bars 5-6: Codetta, modulating from A minor to C major.Bars 6-8: Subject in Treble, with Counter-subject in Alto [A minor]. Thus after the solemn opening fugue, the second fugue might almost be felt as a parody. It is this fugue which has come down to us incomplete, and the reasons for this are disputed. UExcel Introduction to Music: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Music: Certificate Program, Introduction to Humanities: Help and Review, Introduction to Humanities: Certificate Program, WEST Middle Level Humanities (Subtests 1 & 2)(052/053): Practice & Study Guide, Humanities 201: Critical Thinking & Analysis, General Social Science and Humanities Lessons, English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, Create an account to start this course today. In his much cited response, Reger wrote: "Sebastian Bach is for me the Alpha and Omega of all music; upon him rests, and from him originates, all real progress! )", "35. 2 in A minor, BWV 1003; 2 ; Sonata II a-moll BWV 1003: Authorities BNF: 139093871: Composer Bach, Johann Sebastian: Opus/Catalogue Number Op./Cat. 1 Basic Concepts Pitch Notation Octave Registers Accidentals Enharmonic Notes Practice Exercises 2 Major Scales and Key Signatures Half Steps and Whole Steps The Major Scale Major Key Signatures Practice Exercises 3 Minor Scales and Key Signatures Minor Scales Minor Key Signatures Scale Degree Names Practice Exercises 4 Basics of Rhythm By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The Bach fugue in G minor is a work of great technical and musical difficulty. The fugue has a very long and complicated subject, which is extremely difficult to follow. Bars 1-16:Period I. There is an additional source from the copyist Joachim Andreas Drbs whose score for BWV 543 formed part of a collection by Johann Christian Kittel, now in the Leipzig University Library. Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 is a piece of organ music written by Johann Sebastian Bach[1] sometime around his years as court organist to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar (17081713). As I have listened to numerous recordings of famous violinists playing the Fugue I have noticed that some do an exquisite job of highlighting the theme and voicing the piece. The alteration in the Answer, for the sake of tonality is made from the first note to the second. In 1998 Harald Vogel recorded the collection on a pedal clavichord.[6][7]. It is the fourth prelude and fugue in the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer. [2] Prior to Drr's scientific research on manuscripts, the 19th-century scholar Philipp Spitta had judged that the works bore the "stamp of commanding mastery";[3] and Sir George Grove, another 19th-century scholar, declared that "on stylistic grounds neither [Johann Tobias nor Johann Ludwig] seems likely. What is the relation between the preludes and the fugues in wtc of js bach? ai thinker esp32 cam datasheet There is an exposition for each of the four parts, three in the manuals and one in the pedal, each lasting four and a half bars with a connecting half bar. As Beechey (1973) observes, "The more serious question concerning the opening passage of the prelude in its early and later versions is the fact that Bach changed his demisemiquavers to semiquavers [] and in doing so preserved a calmer mood and a less rhapsodic feeling in the music; this change, however, does not and cannot mean that the early version is wrong or that the composer was mistaken. However, the idea of any close relationship (let alone a reincarnation) has been challenged. The fugue is in three voices, and the first voice is often doubled. A Research Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1122323822&disposition=inline. Nevertheless, the pieces do amount to a fine book for learners, teaching whether or how to add pedal, use a second manual, and register according to so-called key characteristics."[2]. This fugue is known for its elegant demonstration of the form, and is often used as an example for teaching music theory and composition. Analysis of J.S. An error occurred trying to load this video. Bach - Fugue No. Organ Instrument Types, Characteristics & History | How Does an Organ Work? It was published posthumously in 1751, and in that first edition, the editors added Bachs final composition, his short Chorale Prelude Before The Throne I Stand as compensation for the missing ending of the final fugue. They were based on an earlier idea from the Renaissance Period called imitative polyphony, where multiple singers would sing the same melody at different times. The Fugue is playable on the harpsichord but that does not mean it has been conceived for that instrument. The order in which the voices enter in the Exposition is unusual, as the Subject and Answer do not regularly alternate, but follow one another in the order: Subject, Answer, Answer, Subject. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Foe example, the Treble of Bar 1 becomes the Bass of Bar 2 and vice versa. Bach Fugue In G Minor Analysis. academy of western music; mucinex loss of taste and smell; william fuld ouija board worth. Nevertheless, as far as Bach's music is concerned, Liszt became highly influential as a performer, transcriber and teacher. The material for them all is drawn from three sources, (1) the last four notes of the Subject, (2) the early part of the Counter-subject, and (3) the detached demisemiquaver (thirty-second note) figure of the Codetta. It also shows some of the most closely-knit and ingenious workmanship, perhaps, in the whole collection. A most powerful and inexhaustible remedy, not only for all those composers and musicians who suffer from misunderstood Wagner, but also for all those contemporaries who suffer from spinal maladies of all kinds. Bach: Prelude and Fugue No.20 in A minor, BWV 889 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment, Mozart: Flute Concerto No.2 in D major K.314 Accompaniment, Chopin: Ballade No.1 in G minor Op.23 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.2 in F major Op.38 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.3 in Ab Major Op.47 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.3 in C# Minor Op.39 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.2 in Bb minor Op.31 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.1 in B Minor Op.20 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment.