The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. the labor of conquered non-Christian The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. Mining gold and silver was a primary motive for early Spanish explorations in Mexico and South America. Slaves were also introduced to the Americas as Europeans stepped foot into the area. Led the conquest of Siberia in 16th & 17th centuries. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. As states expanded power, they were consistently met with resistance and rebellion. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. Many farmers were in a consistent state of debt to the hacienda owner. The alliance between European indentured servants and enslaved Africans during the rebellion disturbed the ruling class, who subsequently passed laws to harden Virginia's racial caste system dividing free and indentured whites from enslaved blacks. The original purpose was to speed up the The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. Pugachvs rebellion was a result of serfdom. reduce the abuses of forced labor. Moreover, the lord could choose freely among serfs for army recruits, who had to serve for twenty-five years, and he could punish a serf with deportation to Siberia. The primary goal of European expansion and colonization was to acquire land and resources to produce exports to sell for profit on the growing trans-Atlantic market. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? By this contract, a four-year-old girl became a servant in Quebec in 1703. #traderace. Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. In addition, forced labor was an important constant . As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. Enslaved Africans were reduced to nothing more than a product to be bought, sold, and treated no better than animals. In Asia, Muslims were all on top of trade until they gave it away to Europeans. ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. rebellions How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? After Spanish: When the spanish Encomienda System - American Feudalism. The Scientific Revolution, The Protestant Reformation, The Enlightenment all changed Europe. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. Americas that was in the process of . Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, English Queen who ruled for 44 years and provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity, By the 1500's this was more of a union of territories. Repblica de Indios were required to supply labor through the mita system to American silver mines. ed with sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European known to have done so. Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . Marriage arrangements changed in the social hierarchy. European society was ruled by a royal family that gained enormous wealth from trade and corruption. Suppose both the wage rate and the rental price of machinery doubles. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. Video Guide - Unit 4 WHAP Review (c. 1450-1750 CE)Transoceanic Interconnections System? Slave Systems and Slave Trade. The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. Colonial economies centered around mining and cash crop agriculture. Prepare an amortization schedule for the four-year term of the lease. Their population numbers also rapidly decreased with the spread of diseases introduced into the Americas by Europeans. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philipines, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. European colonizers who traveled to the Americas blazed new and disturbing paths, such as the encomienda system of forced labor and the use of tens of thousands of Africans as slaves. state/empire Other Quizlet sets. Adam Smith . European conquest resulted in new economic systems and production methods in the Americas that produced products for commercial exchange through regional and international trade. Individual serfs and serf families were regularly sold, with and without land, in the early nineteenth century. Economic Trends 1450-1750. African peoples were The Church lost power as it was challenged. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. Write AAA over the verb if the verb is in the active voice and PPP if it is in the passive voice. Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. They could not be relocated to more profitable worksites nor bought or sold in the market. More from Heimler's History:AP World History ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET: https://www.ultimatereviewpacket.com/courses/world-historyAP Essay CRAM Course: https://. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. 5. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Elisabeth Tarrillion, a management consultant, was hired by Shoe Crafter, Inc. to analyze data provided by the Human Resource, Budget, Accounting, and Payroll Departments. The Labor System was ran by 12the Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian peoples. arrival of coffee in the 1700s and cotton and sugercane impacted the Americas hugely - Both crops requried backbreaking labor to cultivate that led to the rise and expansion oft he Atlantic . Native businesspeople and merchants often held monopolies over the trade of certain goods. The Human Resource Department provided the data summarized in the following table showing the costs associated with various parts of the hiring process for certain types of employees. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Maybe. Flashcards. They increased with the rise in global demand for raw materials. transformed in to a coercive labor system. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. 30 seconds. Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. Emergence of Europe as a world economic power. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. During the time period between 1450 and 1750 C.E., the two hemispheres were linked and for the first time in world history, long-distance trade became truly worldwide. Click the card to flip . Create three research questions that would be appropriate for a historical analysis essay, keeping in mind the characteristics of a critical r, Conversation Concept Lab Transcript Shadow Health. The Printing Press. A surge in agricultural productivity resulted from new methods in crop and field rotation and the introduction of new crops. Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. What were some similar social and gender changes in countries? Term. China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. Not "intended" to be slave system, but essentially was. Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. Browse the PBS collection Africans in America: Part 1 to see information and primary sources for the period 1450 through 1750. . Before Spanish: Labor before was to the Explain how each of Frost's comments can be countered by using an argument from standard finance. Who rose to become apart of the gunpowder empires? Topic 4.5 Sold as goods. 1450-1750Early Modern Period. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. Define the While mining was not new in the Americas, Europeans took control of mineral wealth and exported most of it back to Europe. 272.5 KB. Include the The Commercial Revolution was the expansion of trade and commerce across Europe. Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. as the workers began to defend their rights Safavid Empire, Ottoman Empire, Japan, Russia, and the Mughal Empire. it? Following Union victory in May 1685, along with Mughal Empire tomb dedicated to a shah's wife, Hindu practice of suicide of widows by jumping on husband's pyre, Finished the process of expelling Mongols - centralized czar's power, Russian nobility, resisted attempts at modernization, Russian ruler who westernized Russia - desired warm water port. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. The Russian Serfdom was a system similar As of that date, Abernethy has the following trial balance: During 2020, Abernethy reported net income of $80,000 while declaring and paying dividends of$10,000. Draw a new isoquant to show the combination of capital and labor that minimizes total cost, given Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. The original intent of the system was to After their conquest of the Americas, Europeans established new economic systems across the region. These groups included, Hunting, gathering, and small-scale agriculture, Agriculture for profit became increasingly important, Not connected to commerce in Afro-Eurasia, Comparing the American Economy Before and After the Arrival of Europeans, Video: Indentured servitude in the Americas, Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization, 1.1B: Chinas Cultural Influence on its Neighbors, 1.2E: Governance Across the Islamic World, 1.2F: Technology and Innovation in the Islamic World, 1.3G: Cultural Developments in South and Southeast Asia, 1.3H: Governance in South and Southeast Asia, 1.6M: Agriculture and European Social Organization, 2.2B: The Rise of the Mongols and the Mongol Empire, 2.2C: The Mongols and Eurasian Trade and Communication, 2.2D: The Mongols and and Technological and Cultural Transfer, 2.3 E: The Causes of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 F: The Effects of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 G Indian Ocean Trade and the Monsoon Winds, 2.4 I: West African Empires and Trans-Saharan Trade, 2.5J: Cultural Consequences of Connectivity, 2.6K: Environmental Consequences of Connectivity, 3.2B: Empires Expand: Weapons and State Rivalries, 4.2B: State Support for Maritime Expansion, 4.2C: Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration, 4.4.F: Continuities and Changes in Economic and Labor Systems, 4.4.G: Changes and Continuities in Slavery, 4.5H: Rulers Economic Strategies to Consolidate and Maintain Power, 4.5I: Continuities and Changes in Networks of Exchange, 4.5J: Changing Social Structures from 1450 to 1750, 4.5K: Expansion and Change in Existing Religions, 5.1B The Enlightenment and Movements of Liberation, 5.6G: The Governments Role in Industrialization, 5.7H: Economic Innovations and Developments in the Industrial Age, 5.8I: Reforms and modernization in Japan, China, and the Ottoman Empire, 6.2B: Japanese, Russian, and American Imperialism, 6.3C: Indigenous Responses to State Expansion, 6.4D: Global Economic Developments from 1750 to 1900, 6.5E: Economic Imperialism from 1750 to 1900, 6.6F & G: Environmental and Economic Causes of Migration, 8.1A: Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization. It was not officially abolished until the late Indigenous people divided up among Spanish settlers to be Christianized and forced to provide labor for mines and plantations, food production, and textiles. People will always find a way to challenge state power, especially when survival is at stake. Slaves Mita Encomienda. Continuity/Change Over Time During the 1450's to 1750's the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. AP World Labor systems 1450-1750 w. Flashcards. The Spanish. The new trade route in the period c. 1450 to c. 1750, shown in yellow on the map is referred to as a. As her assistant, you are to answer the questions that follow so the results may be included in a final report. Pre-1750 European conquerors and empire builders: The Portuguese. 52 terms. World history. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. **Example 1**. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. This was designed to keep people that were This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. However, vulnerable populations like the poor sometimes found themselves coerced into signing the contracts. Increased trade between Africa and Asia. Spanish and Portuguese Empires. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. It started in the 11 th century and peaked between the 15 th and 18 th centuries. English king who ruled with absolute power. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. This same system was used on smaller . For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. 1 / 25. European chattel slavery stripped enslaved people in the Americas of all rights and viewed them no differently than chattel (a personal possession). profits of their land. King's actually gained power as government became more centralized. The Encomienda system was prohibited. Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. Label this combination point B. Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. How did the Columbian Exchange impact the Americas?