Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. Flashlight on drama & film : a drama for situation analysis guide The Ekpe Masquerade - SlideShare [40] In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. It may not display this or other websites correctly. [72] The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. Cow meat was also consumed but the Efik native cow was rarely eaten or milked by the Efik. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. Collection of Eli Bentor. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . Origin and Early History of The Ibibio People of Nigeria Nsbd: An Indigenous Language of Communication in the Cross River Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. [66] [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. african cultures exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. by Web Services Editor. clothing stores in columbia mall ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. . Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). PDF Read Free Misiva De Sangre Las Cronicas De Tito Valerio Ner For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. Updates? Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. a Mande tradition based on orally transmitted history. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. African Script - Culture - Nigeria Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . Corrections? You are using an out of date browser. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. History of the Ekpe masquerade and secret society of the Efik people It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. Posted on March 01, 2015 It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. EKPE = ABAKUA: The Voice of The Leopard - Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. ekpe society cameroon - AllInsuranceInfo.org After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. JavaScript is disabled. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. Afropop Worldwide | Interview: Ivor Miller 2007 . Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans.
Madison County Police Beat, Gina Rodriguez Siblings, For Rent By Owner Springfield, Il, Articles E