Political Organization. The long civil war in the North has destroyed much of their society. Shilluk Acholi [26] Conservative approaches estimates that at least 300,000 people died in the conflict that extended into the Sudan, Congo and Central African Republic. Industrial Arts. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyse the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The Acholi have a modified Iroquois kinship-terminology system, reflecting Acholi's patrilineal and patrilocal ideology. and created larger political Acholi: Talking Politics in Northern Uganda Many Ugandans follow politics with keen interest, and President Yoweri Musevei's 34-year tenure notwithstanding, politics is a frequent topic of in-depth conversation and spirited debate among friends and acquaintances, and my conversations with my mentor are no exception. He was defeated in January 1986. Traditional beliefs, however, still persist, often meshed with Christian doctrine in complex ways. David Oyite-Ojok | Military Wiki | Fandom [18] It is important because it is intended to restore communities to balance, and to bring people back into relation in their home communities, where ideally they would return at the end of the war. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. Chiefs are chosen from one lineage. prefix a- denoting the 1st Person Singular (Whitmire, 2013, p. 51). Situated 1,025 to 1,350 meters above sea level, the Acholi landscape is typical East African game countryrolling grasslands with scattered trees, streams, and rock outcrops. This made the chiefs more independent from Millet is the staple food of the Acholi, and tobacco is grown for trade. In East African Childhood: Three Versions, edited by L. K. Fox, 43-75. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. It is part of the Southern Lwoo languages The earliest modern African political organization in Kenya Colony sought to protest pro-settler policies, and increased taxes on Africans and the despised Kipande (Identifying metal band worn around the neck). ." In addition there were priest- or priestess-diviners, private practitioners who worked for the well-being of their clients, and witches, who worked in private for evil or destructive purposes. This included both agricultural and hunting land. As droughts and //, ETHNONYMS: Acoli, Acooli; historically: Gani, Lango, Lo-Gang, Shuuli. Most political organizations take the form of a voluntary association of persons or organizations that pools its members' and constituents' financial and other resources, and engages in conventional political actions to affect policy-making outcomes. Localized patrilineal lineages, some of which have "brother" lineages of the same or different name in other parts of Acholi, have long been the fundamental social and economic units in Acholi. common identity had already formed prior to that during the 18th century. Ironworking, mainly but not entirely confined to certain lineages, appears to be almost as ancient as agriculture, going back perhaps to the first millennium b.c. Graduating Essay, Department of History, Makerere University (Kampala). of them innocent civilianslost their lives; from the mid-1980s Extensive mission activity in Acholi by both Protestants and Catholics has attracted many followers since the second decade of the twentieth century. Under Ugandan Pres. Crazzolara, J. P. (1950-1954). London: James Currey. Large, dry-season hunts were an important part of the precolonial economy; these gradually decreased in significance as the varied roster of both large and small game animals dwindled over the twentieth century. The conflict had dramatic effects on the local Customary leadership of the Acholi was severely affected by the long conflict in Northern Uganda, when many Acholi people lived in IDP camps for as long as 20 years. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. commonly, almost any salaried job in the public or private sector 1544957. et al., 1972; Heine & Knig, 2010) and Chopi (Storch, 2005) as individual languages, instead connected and intertwined chiefdoms. came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the 1.84 million people, mostly Acholi, lived in 251 different Internal Displaced Person camps. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi, "Acholi Abstract The aim of this thesis will be to decipher why Acholi ethnic identity remained such a critical political tool in late and post-colonial Uganda, from 1950-1985, just before the outbreak of civil war in 1986. identity is rather disputed. The system values peace over justice, and has retributive and restorative aspects. [13] The refugees in the camps have also been subject to raids by both LRA and government forces.[10]. Many contemporary Acholi continue to use these treatments, although nearly all with access to clinics and hospitals rely on these as well, whenever they can. Latigo, James, "The Acholi Traditional Conflict Resolution in Light of Current Circumstances:". rule and since independence, have often reflected preexisting Atkinson, Ronald R. (1994). [16] In addition, the people have important rituals for cleansing homes and sites, to welcome back people who have been away a long time, to clear spirits from places where killings have occurred, and to welcome people who have been captive. Yet the northerners living in these squalid camps were prone to attack by the LRA and the national army alike, and unable to raise their own food. During the later nineteenth century, the emergent Acholi became involved in the international trade in ivory and slaves, which were exchanged mainly for cattle, beads, blankets, cotton cloth, and firearms. The dry season is long and hot, with temperatures that can reach more than 35 C. Demography. Acholi have played a pivotal role in the turbulent post-independence era. many of them children, the conflict led to the displacement of millions. The movement hopes to strengthen the political and economic power of women in society and so push back destruction of the natural environment. Purifications or atonement practices are still performed by Acholi elders in some communities. This cookie is used to enable payment on the website without storing any payment information on a server. Most prominent among them was the Uganda People's Army (UPA) in Teso and Lango sub region, the West Nile Bank Frontiers (WNBF) in the West Nile region, the Uganda People's Democratic Army, the Holy Spirit Movement and the LRA in the Acholi region. 30 Chiefly authority was however not absolute, as power was shared with lineage elders ( ladit kaka) and political authority was mainly vested in Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from According to the latest census, there are 1.47 million ethnic Acholi in Uganda, amounting to 4.4 per cent of the total population. Identification. Acholi, also spelled Acoli, also called Gang or Shuli, ethnolinguistic group of northern Uganda and South Sudan. million first language speakers at the time. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. state, political organization of society, or the body politic, or, more narrowly, the institutions of government. The Tonga occupy much of Southern Province in Zambia (formerly No, ETHNONYMS: Batswana, Bechuana (colonial appellation) The chiefs traditionally came from one clan, and each chiefdom had several villages made up of different patrilineal clans. (1955). cooperation of their rwot (chief) Aliker with the British, the centre of the colonial Approximately 2.1 million Acholi were counted in the Uganda census of 2014, and 45,000 more were living in South Sudan in 2000.[4]. "[21] In discussing the peace talks of 20052007, Latigo noted leaders who called for a revival of the traditional processes of the indigenous people by which they worked for accountability and justice, namely, mato oput. Boys and girls are typically socialized into distinct gender roles, and do household and other chores accordingly. The Acholi are proud and loud, but have been exposed as a group without a uniting leadership. The Fipa are a Bantu-speaking people of southwestern Tanzania in East-Central Africa. Trade. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Omissions? Even though this contact was described as a grossly negative experience for the Acholi, this Organizations that are driven by unhealthy levels of political behavior suffer from lowered employee organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and performance as well as higher levels of job anxiety and depression. [22], In January 1986, the junta government of Gen. Tito Okello-Lutwa in Uganda was overthrown by Museveni and his NRA rebels. A.D. Of their history during this time only little is known. their inherited wealth to build up prominent twentieth-century families. The republican constitution adopted in 1967 abolished the monarchies and assigned ultimate political power to an elected president. Localized lineages have been the fundamental social units in Acholi, The first government chiefs, appointed from 1912 onwards, represented a measure of continuity with the pre-colonial order, since they were nearly all drawn from the ranks of the clan leaders. subcounty level; and larger zones of the most intensive (and peaceful) Identification and Location. As some of these languages show some form [10], The Acholi are known to the outside world mainly because of the long insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony, an Acholi from Gulu. According to the Occasional Paper no. Since the British had set up their administrational centre in the Encyclopedia.com. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customised ads. named Luo. from sexual conduct, over blackmailing and stealing, to killing someone (Vincent, 2012, pp. The Acholi or Acoli are part of Luo-speaking Nilotic people of East Africa who lives predominantly in Northern Uganda (an area commonly referred to as Acholiland), including the districts of Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo, and Pader; and Magwe County in South Sudan. 1 Northern Uganda or Acholiland is formally known as the Acholi sub-region, an area inhab-ited primarily by speakers of the Acholi language, whom I refer to as the Acholi. When the victorious NRA started violent acts of vengeance in the following years, Starting in the late seventeenth century, a new sociopolitical order developed among the Luo of Northern Uganda, mainly characterized by the formation of chiefdoms headed by Rwodi (sg. The word 'Acholi' is a misnomer that became adopted for convenience over the years. Acholi | people | Britannica In war, the men used spears and long, narrow shields of giraffe or ox hide. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy McKenna. Traditionally, lineage heads and elders were the most knowledgeable aboutand involved withthe lineage and chiefdom jogi, although rwodi also had a role to play in ceremonies involving the latter. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style.
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